List of state leaders in 1659

1658 state leaders - Events of 1659 - 1660 state leaders - State leaders by year

Africa

• Bamun - Ngouloure, Sultan of Bamun (1629–1672)
• Dahomey - Houegbadja, King of Dahomey (1645–1685)
• Ethiopia - Fasilides, Emperor of Ethiopia (1632–1667)

Asia

• China
  • Qing Dynasty - Shunzhi, Emperor of China (1644–1661)
  • Southern Ming - Prince of Gui, Emperor of Southern Ming (1646–1662)
• Japan -
  • Monarch - Go-Sai, Emperor of Japan (1655–1663)
  • Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Ietsuna, Shogun of Japan (1651–1680)
  • Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Shitsu, King of Ryūkyū (1648–1668)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) -
  1. Hyojong, King of Joseon (1649–1659)
  2. Hyeonjong, King of Joseon (1659–1674)
• Mughal Empire - Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor (1658–1707)

Europe

• Denmark-Norway - Frederick III, King of Denmark and King of Norway(1648–1670)
• England - Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1658–1659)
• France - Louis XIV, King of France (1643–1715)
• Holy Roman Empire - Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1658–1705)
• Moldavia -
  1. Gheorghe Ghica, Voivode of Moldavia (1658–1659)
  2. Constantin Serban Basarab, Voivode of Moldavia (1659)
  3. Stefanita Lupu, Voivode of Moldavia (1659–1661)
• Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire
  • Sultan- Mehmet IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
  • Grand vizier - Köprülü Mehmet Pasha (1565–1561)
• Papal States - Alexander VII, Bishop of Rome (1655–1667)
• Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Jan II Kazimierz Vasa, King of Poland (1648–1668)
• Portugal - Afonso VI, King of Portugal (1656–1667)
• Republic of Venice -
  1. Giovanni Pesaro, Doge of Venice (1658–1659)
  2. Domenico Contarini, Doge of Venice (1659–1674)
• Russia - Aleksey I, Tsar of Russia (1645–1676)
• Savoy - Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (1638–1675)
• Scotland - Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1658–1659)
• Spain - Philip IV, King of Spain (1621–1665)
• Sweden - Charles X Gustav, King of Sweden (1654–1660)
• Tuscany - Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1621–1670)
• United Provinces
  • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
  • Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan de Witt (1653–1672)
    • Willem Frederik, Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen (1640–1664)
• Wallachia -
  1. Mihnea III, Voivode of Wallachia (1658–1659)
  2. Gheorghe Ghica, Voivode of Wallachia (1659–1660)